1. ELECTRIC CHARGE:
a) +, - charge measured in Coulombs b) charge on electron = 1.6 x 10-19 Coulomb
c) Conductors, Insulators, Semiconductors d) Charging by induction

2. COULOMB'S LAW:
a) F = k Q1Q2 / r2 (k= 9 x 109 N M2/C2) (Force is a VECTOR)
b) For more than two charges: Ftotal = Vector S (Forces) or F =k dq/r²

3. ELECTRIC FIELD: E in units of Newtons/Coulomb or Volts/Meter
a) E = F/q (definition of electric field) b) E = k Q / r2 (generated by a point charge)
c) E = (2 k l )/ r (from 'infinite' line of charge) d) E = s / eo (at surface of conductor)
e) E = s / eo (between parallel plates) f) E = s /2 eo (infinite sheet of charge)
g) Electric field lines, direction of field, vectors h) eo = 1/(4 pk) = 8.85 x10^-12 C²/N-M²

4. ELECTRIC DIPOLE: (Equal and opposite charges separated by a distance L.)
a) p = q L (Dipole Moment) b) t = p x E (Torque on dipole) c) U = -p . E (Dipole Energy)

5. GAUSS’S LAW:
a) E . A = Electric Flux b) E . dA = Q_(enclosed)/eo

6. ELECTRIC POTENTIAL: Generally, V = Work/Charge (Volts = Joule/Coulomb)
a) dV = - E . dx or V_ab = - E . dx Likewise E = - dV/dx
b) V = -E . d = -Ed cos f (potential diff. between points in constant E-field)
c) V = k Q / r (potential diff. from point charge, with respect to oo)

7. CAPACITORS:
a) C = Q / V Capacitance (units = C/V = farad)
b) C = (eo A)/d (parallel plate capacitor)
c) C = (2pe_oL)/ln(r_b/r_a) (cylindrical capacitor)
d) U = Q2/(2 C) = (Q V)/2 =(C V2)/2 (Energy stored in capacitor)
e) u_E = (eo E2)/2 (Energy density of an Electric field)
f) Ceq = C1 + C2 + C3 + (parallel) g) 1/Ceq = 1/C1 + 1/C2 + 1/C3 + (series)

8. DIELECTRICS/DIELECTIC CONSTANT:
a) K = (electric field in vacuum/electric field in dielectric)
b) Electric force, field and potential in a dielectric material: replace k by (k/K) or eo by ( eoK)

9. ELECTRIC CURRENTS:
a) I = Q/T (units = Coulomb/Sec = Ampere) b) V = I * R (Ohm's Law)
c) R = r L/A (r = resistivity) Resistance & Temperature
d) P = I * V = I2* R = V2/R (Power dissipated) e) P = I * emf (Power generated)
f) Req = R1 + R2 + R3 + (series) g) 1/Req = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3 + (parallel)
h) Kirchhoff's Rule: S emf’s = S V_D (any loop) S I_in = S I_out (any junction)
g) Galvanometers, Ammeters, Voltmeters