Syllabus


Introduction to Geology and Soil Mechanics
(PHYS-257)

In late 2004, the city of Menomonie installed observation wells to monitor the creeping of Lake Menomin southern lake bank.

Dept-Course-Sect Number:  
PHYS-257, Fall 2007
Section 1
3:35-4:30pm, M,W; Rm 141 Jarvis Hall (Science Wing)
2:30-4:30pm, F; Rm 117 Jarvis Hall (Science Wing)
Section 2
1:25-2:20pm, T,Th; Rm 141 Jarvis Hall (Science Wing)
12:20-2:20pm, F; Rm 117 Jarvis Hall (Science Wing)

Pre-requisites:  not open to those with credit in PHYS-254

Course Texts and Resources:

Earth: Portrait of a Planet, 2nd Edition
by Stephen Marshak

Norton Publishing

Soils in Construction
4th Edition, Schroeder and Dickenson

On-line Geology and Soil Mechanics Resources
/physics.uwstout.edu/geo/
D2L at Learn@UW-Stout

Instructor: Dr. Alan Scott
Office Phone: 232-2401
E-mail: scotta@uwstout.edu
WWW: /physics.uwstout.edu/staff/scott/
Office: 103G, Science Wing, Jarvis Hall
Office Hours: 9:00-10:00am Wed., Thurs.; 1:30-2:30pm Wed.   (or by appointment)

This course will introduce many scientific concepts that shape our understanding of the physical world. A dynamic and changing Earth has formed every piece of natural landscape around us. However, most of these changes are not noticeable during the span of a human lifetime. They happen over thousands or millions of years.

The first part of this course will examine geological time, the composition and history of rocks/minerals, plate tectonics, hydrological cycle, and weathering. Many of these subjects will be discussed with particular attention given to their relevance within the construction industry. The latter part of the course is devoted to the product of weathering (and plant decay) - soil.

Soil mechanics is the study of how soil will physically behave when subjected to external influences or forces. This course will look at soil characterization (i.e. laboratory and field-testing), settlement/consolidation, compaction, bearing capacity, and OSHA safety requirements for excavations. Mathematical equations will be used when they are fundamentally important to working with a concept. Applications of geotechnical analysis will be emphasized throughout this course. This includes the study of dating techniques, seismic analysis, surface and ground water, slope stability, and the engineering aspects of soils.

"I love the wry motto of the Paleontological Society (meant both literally and figuratively, for hammers are the main tool of our trade): Frango ut patefaciam — I break in order to reveal."
                                             Stephen Jay Gould

"The mind grows giddy gazing so far back into the abyss of time."
                                    John Playfair (contempary of James Hutton)

Course Grade: Your course grade will be weighted according to the following percentages:

                        15% Class Participation/Attendance
                        22% Applied Geomechanics Activities
                        21% Exam 1 (October 5)
                        21% Exam 2 (November 16)
                        21% Final Exam
                                Section 1 - Monday, December 17, 2007, 12-1:50pm
                                Section 2 - Wednesday, December 19, 2007, 2-3:50pm

I will permit you to request that a portion of your course grade not be based upon class participation and attendance.   If you wish, the 15% for attendance can be distributed onto the exams.  This will make each exam worth 26% and you will not be graded on attendance.  You must request no attendance to me in an email or a written note no later than September 14, 2007.  Percent scores will be tallied for all the items above.  (Percent scores for class participation/attendance is mentioned later.)  Letter grades will be given to these activities by the following percent scale:

100-93%     A
92.9-86%    A-
85.9-81%    B+
80.9-75%    B
74.9-69%    B-

68.9-64%       C+
63.9-59%       C
58.9-54%       C-
53.9-45%       D
less than 45%  F

I reserve the right to boost all student scores by an equal amount.  For example, if the class average for exam 2 was 52% and, in my judgment, the scores did not accurately reflect student effort and performance, I could add 12% to all the second exams.

The exams will be 50% multiple choice and 50% short answer problems.  The topics covered on the exams will be announced in lecture prior to the exams.    

All but one of the geomechanics activities will be take home assignments.  (One is scheduled for in-class.)  They will consist of numbered exercises. One of the exercises, within each geomechanics activity, will be graded on a 5 point scale. If all the other exercises have been completed one additional point will be given to the score. The in-class activities will be due at the end of the class period. The take home assignments are due at the beginning of class time on their due date.

To receive credit for class participation and attendance for each lecture, you must sign or initial a name roster that will be past around the class each lecture.  If it is not past to you during class, please sign it immediately after the class is over on the front table.   You will be expected to be present for the entire class presentation and participating.  Your percent score for class participation/attendance will be determined using the numbers in the table below.

Missed Classes Percent Score Missed Classes Percent Score
0 100 5 60
1 95 6 55
2 90 7 50
3 82 8 40
4 74 greater than 8 20

Missing class and having someone else sign your name to avoid missing points is academically dishonest.  Academic misconduct procedures will be initiated for those students involved.

No late geomechanics activities accepted and no makeup class participation except in extenuating circumstances (documentation required).  If an exam is unavoidably missed, with a legitimate excuse, then an essay makeup exam will be given. Only in cases for extenuating circumstances are exceptions made.

Link to Dr. Scott's policy on cell phones in the classroom and other electronic devices (please read).

Recommendations:

About 95% of the class presentation materials (lecture notes, Powerpoint slides) can be accessed on the web.  I would recommend that you read the lecture notes on the web before it is presented in class. By doing this you will know what is or is not on the web and can ask questions about topics that you didn't clearly understand.  This way you can follow along with the lecture without being pre-occupied with writing the lecture notes down. Be careful - having the lecture notes on the web will either enhance your ability to learn the material or make it easier to procrastinate and fall behind. Nothing can be learned without taking time to concentrate hard on the subject matter - be it out of a book or on the web. 

After the presentation has been given, I plan to place my PowerPoint slides onto the D2L web pages for this course.  Some of the graphics are copywritten material from books and some have been developed by me.  So do not download and freely distribute.

Keep up with your reading and assignments. If you are having difficulty with a particular concept or problem, please come and see me. I will be glad to help out! 

I encourage you to work together on assignments and exams. However, do not copy verbatim (or mostly verbatim in my judgment) another person's work. Academic dishonesty will be dealt with harshly.  Copying another student's solutions for geomechanics activities and placing your name on it is dishonest!  [UW-System Academic Student Code]  I would be glad to provide assistance via email on your geomechanics or reading.  If I don't respond within two working days to an email assume I didn't get your email or have forgotten to respond.

If you have a special circumstance such as a visual or hearing impairment, please stop into my office and we'll discuss ways in which your learning environment can be optimized.

Additional textbooks that may be useful:

Principles of Geotechnical Engineering, 4rd edition
Braja M. Das
PWS Publishing

Soils and Foundations, 3rd Edition
Liu and Evett
Prentice Hall Publishing

Geotechnical Engineering: Principles and Practices
Donald P. Coduto
Prentice Hall Publishing

Earth: An Introduction To Physical Geology, 6th Ed., Tarbuck and Lutgens, Prentice Hall Publishers (1999)

Tentative Course Outline:
(AG stands for Applied Geomechanics activity.  The sentences in the Objectives section all begin with the statement "The student will be able to ...")

Week Objectives General Topics Reading Assignments
1
(9/5-9/7)
Understand the magnitudes of time involved with the history of the earth.  This includes the evolution of life and dating techniques.   Know the essentials of radon gas dangers. Introduction, Historical Development, Geological Time, Dating Techniques
AG #1
(Earth: Portrait of a Planet)
Prelude, p. 2
Interlude D, p. 364
Ch. 12, Ch. 13

Web Section 1
2
(9/10-9/14)
Know how the three major rock groups are related.   Examine physical properties for identifying a mineral.  Understand the source for raw materials and energy. Rock Cycle, Minerals, Mining Ores and Raw Materials Used in Construction
AG #2
Interlude B, p. 234
Ch. 5, Ch. 14, Ch. 15

Web Section 2
3
(9/17-9/21)
Describe the basic components of plate tectonic theory and evidence that supports it.  Understand the measurement of ground shaking and its effect on structures. Plate Tectonics, Earthquakes
Interlude C, p. 318
Ch. 10, Ch. 4

Web Section 3
4
(9/24-9/28)
Identify types of volcanoes and their characteristics.   Understand the textures of igneous rocks and what factors influence the texture. Igneous Rocks, Volcanism
AG #3
Ch. 9, Ch 6
Web Sections 3 & 4
5
(10/1-10/5)
Exam 1 - 10/5
Understand the types of weathering and what influences the rate of weathering.  Describe soils from a geological view - i.e. horizons, mature, pedalfers, etc. Weathering and Soil Ch. 7, Sections 1-3
Web Section 5
6
(10/8-10/12)
Know the basic characteristics of sedimentary and metamorphic rocks.  Describe the facies and textures associated with each rock type. Sedimentary and Metamorphic Rocks
Ch. 7, Sections 4-10
Ch 8

Web Section 4
7
(10/15-10/19)
Understand the water cycle.  This includes definitions and concepts used in describing surface and ground water.  Describe a hydrograph and permeability.  Know the basics of residential drainage. Sedimentary and Metamorphic Rocks (cont.), Hydrological Cycle
AG #4
Interlude E, p. 492
Ch. 17, Ch. 19

Web Sections 4 & 5
8
(10/22-10/26)
Know what influences the stability of sloped material.   Such that, what causes it to move or remain stationary. Discuss some aspects of slope stability theory. Sloping Landscape Processes
(or Mass Movement)

AG #5

Ch. 16
Web Section 5
9
(10/29-11/2)
Identify soils according to USCS.  Understand the gradation curve and soil consistencies.  Analytically relate soil measurements to soil properties. Introduction to Engineering Properties of Soils, Physical Concepts
AG #6
(Soils in Construction)
Ch. 1,2,3

Web Section 6
10
(11/5-11/9)
Identify signs of soil distress and the hazards associated with soil excavating.  Have a working knowledge of OSHA regulations for excavations. Soil Cave-ins, OSHA Regulations for Excavations
AG #7
Ch. 10
Web Section 6
11
(11/12-11/16)
Exam 2 on 11/16
Know why soil is sometimes compacted.  Identify types of compactors and purpose for the Standard Proctor tests.  Discuss in-field density measurements and techniques.  Suggest ways to dewater excavation sites. OSHA (cont.), Compaction, Dewatering Ch. 8
Web Section 7
12
(11/19,11/20)
Understand and analytically predict how much a soil will settle and how long it will take. Stress and Settlement of Structures
AG #8
Ch. 5, Ch. 11
Web Section 7
13
(11/26-11/30)
Calculate the bearing capacity of a soil and foundation geometry.  Discuss the different types and purposes for piling. Foundations, Pilings
AG #9
Ch. 11
Web Section 7
14
(12/3-12/7)
Identify the basic components of an earth retaining wall.  Identify the types of walls and estimate the forces (or pressures) acting on some simple wall geometries. Retaining Structures, Embankments Web Section 8
15
(12/10-12/14)
 
Discuss the responsibilities assumed by the contracting parties for an earthwork.  Identify the components of a soil report (i.e. CPT) and understand their meaning. Excavation Contract Specifications, Review for Final Exam
AG #10
Ch. 6, Ch. 7
Web Section 8

    For questions or comments regarding these pages contact Dr. Alan Scott / scotta@uwstout.edu / this page was last updated August 30, 2007